Sunan Abi Dawud: Prayer (Kitab Al-Salat): Detailed Rules of Law about the Prayer during Journey

421

Chapter: The Prayer Of The Traveler

Narrated Aisha, Ummul Mu'minin:

The prayer was prescribed as consisting of two rak'ahs both when one was resident and when travelling. The prayer while travelling was left according to the original prescription and the prayer of one who was resident was enhanced.

Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 1198
In-book reference : Book 4, Hadith 1
English translation : Book 4, Hadith 1194
Narrated Ya'la b. Umayyah:
I remarked to 'Umar al-Khattab: Have you seen the shortening of the prayer by the people today while Allah has said: "If you fear that those who are infidels may afflict you", whereas those days are gone now? He replied: I have wondered about the same matter for which you wondered. So I mentioned this to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). He said: It is an act of charity which Allah has done to you, so accept his charity.
Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 1199
In-book reference : Book 4, Hadith 2
English translation : Book 4, Hadith 1195

The above mentioned tradition has also been narrated through a different chain of transmitters by 'Abd Allah b. Abi 'Ammar who narrated it in like manner.

Abu Dawud said:

This has been transmitted by Abu 'Asim and Hammad b. Mas'adah as transmitted by Ibn Bakr.
Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 1200
In-book reference : Book 4, Hadith 3
English translation : Book 4, Hadith 1196
422

Chapter: When Should The Traveler Shorten The Prayer ?

Narrated Yahya b. Yazid al-Hannani:
I asked Anas b. Malik about the shortening of the prayer (while travelling). He said: When the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) went out on a journey of three miles or three farsakh (the narrator Shu'bah doubted), he used to pray two rak'ahs.
Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 1201
In-book reference : Book 4, Hadith 4
English translation : Book 4, Hadith 1197
Narrated Anas b. Malik :
I prayed along with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) four rak'ahs at the noon prayer at Medina and two rak'ahs at the afternoon prayer in Dhu al-Hulaifah.
Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 1202
In-book reference : Book 4, Hadith 5
English translation : Book 4, Hadith 1198
423

Chapter: The Adhan During Travel

Narrated Uqbah ibn Amir:

I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: Allah is pleased with a shepherd of goats who calls to prayer at the peak of a mountain, and offers prayer, Allah, the Exalted, says: Look at this servant of Mine; he calls to prayer and offers it and he fears Me. So I forgive him and admit him to paradise.

Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 1203
In-book reference : Book 4, Hadith 6
English translation : Book 4, Hadith 1199
424

Chapter: A Traveler Praying While He Is Unsure Of The Time

Narrated Mishaj b. Musa:
I asked Anas b. Malik: Narrate to us what you heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say. He said: When we travelled along with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), we would say: Did the sun pass the meridian or not? But he (the Prophet) would offer the noon prayer and then proceed.
Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 1204
In-book reference : Book 4, Hadith 7
English translation : Book 4, Hadith 1200

Narrated Anas ibn Malik:

When the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) halted at a certain place (while on a journey), he would not leave that place till he offered the noon prayer. A man said to him: Even if in the middle of the day? He replied: Even if in the middle of the day.

Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 1205
In-book reference : Book 4, Hadith 8
English translation : Book 4, Hadith 1201
425

Chapter: Combining Between Two Prayers

Narrated Mu’adh bin Jabal :
They (the Companions) proceeded on the expedition of Tabuk along with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). He combined the noon and afternoon prayers and the sunset and night prayers. One day he delayed the prayer and came out (of his dwelling) and combined the noon and the afternoon prayers. He then went it and then came out and combined the sunset and the night prayers.
Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 1206
In-book reference : Book 4, Hadith 9
English translation : Book 4, Hadith 1202

Narrated Abdullah ibn Umar:

Ibn Umar was informed about the death of Safiyyah (the wife of the Prophet) when he was at Mecca. He proceeded till the sun set and the stars shined. He said: When the Prophet (ﷺ) was in a hurry about something while on a journey, he would combine both these prayers. He proceed till twilight had disappeared. He then combined both of them (the prayers).

Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 1207
In-book reference : Book 4, Hadith 10
English translation : Book 4, Hadith 1203

Narrated Mu'adh ibn Jabal:

On the expedition to Tabuk if the sun had passed the meridian before the apostle of Allah (ﷺ) moved off, he combined the noon and the afternoon prayers; but if he moved off before the sun had passed the meridian, he delayed the noon prayer till he halted for the afternoon prayer. He acted similarly for the sunset prayer; if the sun set before he moved off, he combined the sunset and the night prayers, but if he moved off before sunset, he delayed the sunset prayer till he halted for the night prayer and then combined them.

Abu Dawud said: Hisham b. 'Urwah narrated this tradition from Husain b. 'Abd Allah, from Kuraib on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas from the Prophet (ﷺ) like the tradition narrated by Mufaddal and al-Laith.

Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 1208
In-book reference : Book 4, Hadith 11
English translation : Book 4, Hadith 1204
Narrated Ibn 'Umar:

The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) never combined the sunset and night prayers while on a journey except once.

Abu Dawud said: This has been narrated by Ayyub from Nafi' from Ibn 'Umar as a statement of Ibn 'Umar. Ibn 'Umar was never seen combining these two prayers except on the night he was informed about the death of Safiyyah. The tradition narrated by Makhul from Nafi' indicates that he (Nafi') saw Ibn 'Umar doing so once or twice.

Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 1209
In-book reference : Book 4, Hadith 12
English translation : Book 4, Hadith 1205
Narrated 'Abd Allah b. 'Abbas:

The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) combined the noon and the afternoon prayers, and combined the sunset and night prayers without any danger or journey. Malik said: I think it so happened during rain.

Abu Dawud said: Hammad b. Salamah narrated it like manner from Abu al-Zubair, it has also been narrated by Qurrah b. Khalid from Abu al-Zubair. He said: It is so happened in a journey that we made to Tabuk.

Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 1210
In-book reference : Book 4, Hadith 13
English translation : Book 4, Hadith 1206
Narrated Ibn 'Abbas:
The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) combined the noon and afternoon prayers, and the sunset and night prayers at Medina without any danger and rain. He was asked: What did he intend by it ? He replied: He intended that his community might not fall into hardship.
Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 1211
In-book reference : Book 4, Hadith 14
English translation : Book 4, Hadith 1207

Narrated Abdullah ibn Waqid:

The mu'adhdhin of Ibn Umar said: prayer (i.e. the time of prayer has come). He said: Go ahead. He then alighted before the disappearance. He then offered the night prayer. He then said: When the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) was in a hurry about something, he would do as I did. Then he travelled and covered a distance of three days' journey on the day.

Abu Dawud said: A similar tradition has been transmitted by Ibn Jabir from Nafi' with the same chain.

Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 1212
In-book reference : Book 4, Hadith 15
English translation : Book 4, Hadith 1208

This tradition has also been transmitted by Ibrahim b. Musa al-Razi, from 'Isa, on the authority of Ibn Jabir to the same effect.

Abu Dawud said:

'Abd Allah b. al-'Ala' narrated on the authority of Nafi' saying: When the twilight was about to disappear, he alighted and combined both (the prayers).
Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 1213
In-book reference : Book 4, Hadith 16
English translation : Book 4, Hadith 1209
Narrated Ibn 'Abbas:
The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) led us in prayer at Medina eight of seven rak'ahs, in the noon and afternoon prayers, and the sunset and night prayers. The narrator Sulaiman and Musaddad did not say the words "led us".

Abu Dawud said: The aforesaid tradition has also been narrated by Salih, the client of Tu'mah on the authority if Ibn 'Abbas saying: "Not during rain."

Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 1214
In-book reference : Book 4, Hadith 17
English translation : Book 4, Hadith 1210

Narrated Jabir ibn Abdullah:

When the sun set at Mecca, the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) combined the two prayers at Sarif.

Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 1215
In-book reference : Book 4, Hadith 18
English translation : Book 4, Hadith 1211
Narrated Hisham b. Sa'd:
There was a distance of ten miles between them, that is, Mecca and Sarif.
Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 1216
In-book reference : Book 4, Hadith 19
English translation : Book 4, Hadith 1212

Narrated Abdullah ibn Umar:

Abdullah ibn Dinar said: The sun set when I was with Abdullah ibn Umar. We proceeded, and when we saw that the evening came, we said prayer. He went on travelling until the twilight disappeared and the stars became thick. He then slighted and combined the two prayers. Then he said: I saw the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ); when he hastened his travelling, he would pray like this prayer of mine. He said: He would combine the two prayers after the passing of a part of night. AbuDawud said: This has been transmitted by Asim ibn Muhammad from his brother on the authority of Salim and this has also been narrated by Ibn AbuNajih from Isma'il ibn AbdurRahman ibn Dhuwayb saying that Ibn Umar would combine the two prayers after the disappearance of twilight.

Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 1217
In-book reference : Book 4, Hadith 20
English translation : Book 4, Hadith 1213
Narrated Anas b. Malik :
When the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) proceeded before the sun had declined, he delayed the noon prayer till the time of the afternoon prayer, he would then alight and combine the two prayers. If the sun declined before he moved off, he would offer the noon prayer and rode (the beast) - may peace be upon him.

Abu Dawud said: The narrator Mufaddal was the judge of Egypt. His supplication was accepted by Allah; he was the son of Fudalah.

Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 1218
In-book reference : Book 4, Hadith 21
English translation : Book 4, Hadith 1214
The above mentioned tradition has also been reported by 'Uqail through a different chain of narrators. He said:
He would delay the evening prayer till he combined the evening and the night prayers when the twilight disappeared.
Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 1219
In-book reference : Book 4, Hadith 22
English translation : Book 4, Hadith 1215

Narrated Mu'adh ibn Jabal:

The Prophet (ﷺ) was engaged in the Battle of Tabuk. If he moved off before the sun had declined, he would delay the noon prayer till he would combine it with the afternoon prayer and would offer them together. If he moved off after the sun had declined, he would combine the noon and afternoon prayers, and then he proceeded; if he moved off before the evening prayer, he would delay the evening prayer; he would offer it along with the night prayer, he would delay the evening prayer; he would offer it along with the night prayer. If he moved off after the evening prayer, he would offer the night prayer earlier and offer it along with the evening prayer.

Abu Dawud said: This tradition has not been narrated by anyone except by Qutaibah.

Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 1220
In-book reference : Book 4, Hadith 23
English translation : Book 4, Hadith 1216
426

Chapter: Shortening The Recitation During Travel

Narrated Al-Bara' :
We went out on a journey along with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). He led us in the night prayer and he recited in one of the rak'ahs: "By the fig and the olive."
Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 1221
In-book reference : Book 4, Hadith 24
English translation : Book 4, Hadith 1217
427

Chapter: The Voluntary Prayers During Travel

Narrated Al-Bara' ibn Azib:

I accompanied the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) on eighteen journeys and I never saw him fail to pray two rak'ahs when the sun had passed the meridian before offering the noon prayer.

Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 1222
In-book reference : Book 4, Hadith 25
English translation : Book 4, Hadith 1218
Narrated Hafs b. 'Asim:
I accompanied Ibn 'Umar on the way (on a journey). He led us in two rak'ah's of (the noon) prayer. Then he proceeded and saw some people standing. He asked: What are they doing ? I replied: They are glorifying Allah (i.e. offering supererogatory prayer). He said: If I had offered the supererogatory prayer (while travelling), I would have completed prayer, my cousin. I accompanied the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) during the journey, he did not pray more than two raka'at until his death. I also accompanied Abu Bakr, and he prayed two raka'at and nothing more until he died. I also accompanied 'Umar, and he prayed two raka'at and nothing more until he died. I also accompanied 'Uthman, and he prayed two raka'at and nothing more until he died. Indeed Allah, the Exalted, said: "Certainly you have in the Messenger of Allah an excellent exemplar"
Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 1223
In-book reference : Book 4, Hadith 26
English translation : Book 4, Hadith 1219
428

Chapter: Praying Voluntary Prayers And Witr While Riding A Mount

Narrated Ibn 'Umar:
While travelling the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) would pray voluntary prayer on his riding beast in whatever direction it turned; and he would observe witr prayer, but he did not offer the obligatory prayers upon it.
Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 1224
In-book reference : Book 4, Hadith 27
English translation : Book 4, Hadith 1220

Narrated Anas ibn Malik:

When the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) was on a journey and wished to say voluntary prayer, he made his she-camel face the qiblah and uttered the takbir (Allah is most great), then prayed in whatever direction his mount made his face.

Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 1225
In-book reference : Book 4, Hadith 28
English translation : Book 4, Hadith 1221
Narrated 'Abd Allah b. 'Umar:
I saw the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) praying on a donkey while he was facing Khaibar.
Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 1226
In-book reference : Book 4, Hadith 29
English translation : Book 4, Hadith 1222

Narrated Jabir ibn Abdullah:

The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) sent me on some business, and when I came to him he was praying on (the back of) his riding beast (moving) towards the east and making the prostration lower than the bowing.

Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 1227
In-book reference : Book 4, Hadith 30
English translation : Book 4, Hadith 1223
429

Chapter: Praying Obligatory Prayers On A Mount If There Is An Excuse

Narrated Aisha, Ummul Mu'minin:

Ata' ibn AbuRabah asked Aisha: Can women offer prayer on a riding beast? She replied: They were not permitted to do so in hardship or comfort. Muhammad ibn Shu'ayb said: This (prohibition) applies to the obligatory prayers.

Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 1228
In-book reference : Book 4, Hadith 31
English translation : Book 4, Hadith 1224
430

Chapter: When Should The Traveler Stop Shortening The Prayer

Narrated Imran ibn Husayn:

I went on an expedition with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), and I was present with him at the conquest. He stayed eighteen days in Mecca and prayed only two rak'ahs (at each time of prayer). And he said: You who live in the town must pray four; we are travellers.

Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 1229
In-book reference : Book 4, Hadith 32
English translation : Book 4, Hadith 1225

Narrated Abdullah ibn Abbas:

The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) had a stop of seventeen days in Mecca and he shortened the prayer (i.e. prayed two rak'ahs at each time of prayer). Ibn Abbas said: He who stays seventeen days should shorten the prayer; and who stays more than that should offer complete prayer.

Abu Dawud said: The other version transmitted by Ibn 'Abbas through a different chain adds: He (the Prophet) had a stop of nineteen days (in Mecca).

Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 1230
In-book reference : Book 4, Hadith 33
English translation : Book 4, Hadith 1226

Narrated Abdullah ibn Abbas:

The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) stayed fifteen days in Mecca in the year of Conquest. Shortening the prayer.

Abu Dawud said: This tradition has also been transmitted by 'Abdah b. Sulaiman, Ahmad b. Khalid al-Wahbi, and Salamah b. Fadli on the authority of Ibn Ishaq ; but they did not mention the name of Ibn 'Abbas.

Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 1231
In-book reference : Book 4, Hadith 34
English translation : Book 4, Hadith 1227
Narrated Ibn 'Abbas:
The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) stayed in Mecca seventeen days and prayed two rak'ahs (at each time of prayer).
Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 1232
In-book reference : Book 4, Hadith 35
English translation : Book 4, Hadith 1228
Narrated Anas b. Malik :
We went out from Medina to Mecca with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and he prayed two rak'ahs (at each time of prayer) till we returned to Medina. We (the people) said: Did you stay there for some time ? He replied: We stayed there ten days.
Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 1233
In-book reference : Book 4, Hadith 36
English translation : Book 4, Hadith 1229

Narrated Ali ibn AbuTalib ; Anas ibn Malik:

Muhammad reported from his father, Umar, on the authority of his grandfather, Ali ibn AbuTalib: When Ali travelled, he continued to travel till it became nearly dark. He then alighted and offered the sunset prayer. Then he would call for his dinner and eat it. Then he prayed the night prayer and then moved off.

He would say: This is how the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used to do.

Usamah ibn Zayd reported from Hafs ibn Ubaydullah, the son of Anas ibn Malik: Anas would combine them (the evening and night prayer) when the twilight disappeared.

He said: The Prophet (ﷺ) used to do so. Az-Zuhri also reported similarly on the authority of Anas from the Prophet (ﷺ).

Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 1234
In-book reference : Book 4, Hadith 37
English translation : Book 4, Hadith 1230
431

Chapter: If He Encamps In Enemy Territory, He Shortens The Prayer

Narrated Jabir ibn Abdullah:

The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) stayed at Tabuk twenty days; he shortened the prayer (during his stay).

Abu Dawud said: No one narrates this tradition with continuous chain except Ma'mar.

Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 1235
In-book reference : Book 4, Hadith 38
English translation : Book 4, Hadith 1231
432

Chapter: The Prayer Of Fear (Salat-il-Khawf)

Narrated AbuAyyash az-Zuraqi:

We accompanied the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) at Usfan, and Khalid ibn al-Walid was the chief of unbelievers. We offered the noon prayer.

Thereupon, the unbelievers said: We suffered from negligence; we became careless. We should have attacked them while they were praying. Thereupon the verse was revealed, relating to the shortening of the prayer (in time of danger) between the noon and afternoon (prayer).

When the time of the afternoon prayer came, the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) stood facing the qiblah, and the unbelievers were standing in front of him. The people stood in a row behind the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and there was another row behind this row. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) bowed and all of them bowed. He then prostrated and also the row near him prostrated. The other people in the second row remained standing and stood guard over them. When they performed two prostrations and stood up, those who were behind them prostrated. The people in the front row near him then stepped backward taking the place of the people in the second row and the second row took the place of the first row.

The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) then bowed and all of them bowed together. Then he and the row near him prostrated themselves. The other people in the second row remained standing and stood guard over them. When the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and the row near him (i.e. the front row) were seated, the people in the second row behind them prostrated themselves. Then all of them were seated. (He (the Prophet) then uttered the salutation upon all of them. He prayed in his manner at Usfan as well as at the territory of Banu Sulaym.

Abu Dawud said: This tradition has been narrated by Ayyub and Hisham from Abu al-Zubair on the authority of Jabir to the same effect from the Prophet (ﷺ). Similarly, this has been transmitted by Dawud b. Husain from 'Ikrimah, on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas. This has also been reported by 'Abd al-Malik, from 'Ata' from Jabir in like manner. This has also been narrated by Qatadah from al-Hasan from Hittan on the authority of Abu Musa in a similar way. Similarly, this has been reported by 'Ikrimah b. Khalid from Mujahid from the Prophet (ﷺ). This has also been reported by Hisham b. 'Urwah from his father from the Prophet (ﷺ). This is the opinion of al-Thawri.

Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 1236
In-book reference : Book 4, Hadith 39
English translation : Book 4, Hadith 1232
433

Chapter: Whoever Said That One Row Should Stand With The Imam, And Another Ro Face The Enemy

Narrated Sahl b. Abi Hathmah:
The Prophet (ﷺ) prayed in time of danger and divided them (the people) behind him in two rows. He then led those who were near him in one rak'ah. Then he stood and remained standing till those who were in second row offered one rak'ah. Thereafter they came forward and those who were in front of them (in the first row) stepped backward. The Prophet (ﷺ) led them in one rak'ah of prayer. He sat down till those who were in the second row completed on rak'ah. He then uttered the salutation.
Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 1237
In-book reference : Book 4, Hadith 40
English translation : Book 4, Hadith 1233
434

Chapter: Whoever Said He Prays One Rak'ah

Narrated Salih b. Khawwat:

On the authority of a person who offered the prayer in time of danger along with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) at the battle of Dhat al-Riqa. One section of people stood in the row of prayer along with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and the other section remained standing in front of the enemy. He led those who were with him in one rak'ah and remained standing (in his place) and they completed (the second rak'ah) by themselves. Then they turned away and arrayed before the enemy. Thereafter the other section came and he led them in the rak'ah which remained from his prayer. He then remained sitting (in his place) and they completed their one rak'ah by themselves. He then uttered the salutation along with them.

Malik said: I like the tradition reported by Yazid b. Ruman (i.e. the present tradition) more than (other versions) I heard.

Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 1238
In-book reference : Book 4, Hadith 41
English translation : Book 4, Hadith 1234
Narrated Sahl b. Abi Hathmah al-Ansari:

The prayer time of danger should be offered in the following way: The imam should stand (for prayer) and a section of the people should stand along with him. The other section should stand facing the enemy. The imam should perform bowing and prostrate himself along with those who are with him. He then should stand (after prostration) and, when he stands straight, he should remain standing. They (the people) should (in the meantime) complete their remaining rak'ah (i.e. the second one). They they should utter the salutation, and turn away while the imam should remain standing. They should go before the enemy. Thereafter those who did not pray should come forward and utter the takbir (Allah is most great) behind imam. He should bow and prostrate along with them and utter the salutation. Then they should stand and completed their remaining rak'ah, and utter the salutation.

Abu Dawud said: The tradition reported by Yahya b. Sa'id from al-Qasim is similar to the one transmitted by Yazid b. Ruman except that he differed with him in salutation. The tradition reported by 'Ubaid Allah is like the one reported by Yahya b. Sa'id, saying: He (the Prophet) remained standing.

Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 1239
In-book reference : Book 4, Hadith 42
English translation : Book 4, Hadith 1235
435

Chapter: Whoever Said That They Say The Takbr Together

Urwah ibn az-Zubayr reported that Marwan ibn al-Hakam asked AbuHurayrah:

Did you pray in time of danger with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ)?

AbuHurayrah replied: Yes. Marwan then asked: When? AbuHurayrah said: On the occasion of the Battle of Najd. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) stood up to offer the afternoon prayer. One section stood with him (to pray) and the other was standing before the enemy, and their backs were towards the qiblah. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) uttered the takbir and all of them too uttered the takbir, i.e. those who were with him and those who were facing the enemy. Then the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) offered one rak'ah and the section that was with him also prayed one rak'ah. He then prostrated himself and those who were with him also prostrated, while the other section was standing before the enemy.

The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) then stood up and the section with him also stood up. They went and faced the enemy and the section that was previously facing the enemy stepped forward. They bowed and prostrated while the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) was standing in the same position. Then they stood up and the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon) prayed another rak'ah and all of them bowed and prostrated along with him. After that the section that was standing before the enemy came forward and they bowed and prostrated, while the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) remained seated and also those who were with him. The salutation then followed. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) uttered the salutation and all of them uttered it together. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) prayed two rak'ahs and each of the two sections prayed one rak'ah with him (and the other by themselves).

Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 1240
In-book reference : Book 4, Hadith 43
English translation : Book 4, Hadith 1236

Narrated Abu Hurairah:

We went out with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) to Najd. When we reached Dhat ar-Riqa at Nakhl (or in a valley with palm trees) he met a group of the tribe of Ghatafan. The narrator then reported the tradition to the same effect, but his version is other than that of Haywah. He added to the words "when he bowed along with those who were with him and prostrated" the words "when they stood up, they retraced their footsteps to the rows of their companions". He did not mention the words "their back was towards the qiblah".

Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 1241
In-book reference : Book 4, Hadith 44
English translation : Book 4, Hadith 1237

Abu Dawud said:

This tradition has been transmitted by 'Aishah through a different chain of narrators. She said: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) uttered the takbir and the section that was in the same row with him also uttered the takbir. He then bowed and they also bowed, and he prostrated and they also prostrated. Then he raised his head and they also raised (their heads). The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) then remained seated. They prostrated alone and stood up and retraced their footsteps and stood behind them.

Then the other section came; they stood up and uttered the takbir and bowed by themselves. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) prostrated himself and they also prostrated with him. Then the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) stood up and they performed the second prostration by themselves. Then both the sections stood up and prayed with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). He bowed and they also bowed, and then he prostrated himself and they also prostrated themselves. Then he returned and performed the second prostration and they also prostrated with him as quickly as possible, showing no slackness in quick prostration. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) then uttered the salutation. After that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) stood up. Thus everyone participated in the entire prayer.

Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 1242
In-book reference : Book 4, Hadith 45
English translation : Book 4, Hadith 1237
436

Chapter: Whoever Said That The Imam Should Lead Every Group In One Rak'ah, Then Say The Taslim And Every Group Should Stand Up And Pray One Rak'ah By Themselves

Narrated Ibn 'Umar:

The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) led one section in one rak'ah of prayer and the other section was facing the enemy. Then they turned away and took the position of the other section. They (the other section) came and he (the Prophet) led them in the second rak'ah. He then uttered the salutation. Thereafter they stood up and completed the remaining rak'ah, they went away and the other section completed their remaining rak'ah.

Abu Dawud said: This tradition has been narrated by Nafi' and Khalid b. Ma'dan from Ibn 'Umar in like manner from the Prophet (ﷺ). This has also been transmitted similarly by Masruq ad Yusuf b. Mihran on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas. This has been narrated by Yunus from al-Hasan from Abu Musa something similarly, saying that Abu Musa has done so.

Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 1243
In-book reference : Book 4, Hadith 46
English translation : Book 4, Hadith 1238
437

Chapter: Whoever Said That The Imam Should Lead Each Of The Two Groups In One Rak'ah Then Say The Taslim, Then Those That Are Behing Him Should Stand Up And Complete Another Rak'ah, Then The Other Group Should Take This Groups Place And Pray One Rak'ah

Narrated Abdullah ibn Mas'ud:

The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) led us in prayer in the time of danger. They (the people) stood in two rows. One row was behind the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and the other faced the enemy. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) led them in one rak'ah,and then the other section came and took their place; they went and faced the enemy. The Prophet (ﷺ) led them in one rak'ah and uttered the salutation. They stood up and prayed the second rak'ah by themselves and uttered the salutation and went away; they took the place of the other section facing the enemy. They came back and took their place. They prayed one rak'ah by themselves and then uttered the salutation.

Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 1244
In-book reference : Book 4, Hadith 47
English translation : Book 4, Hadith 1239

This tradition has been transmitted by Kushaif with a different chain of narrators and to the same effect. This version adds:

The Prophet of Allah (ﷺ) uttered takbir and both rows uttered takbir together.

Abu Dawud said: This tradition has been narrated by al-Thawri to the same effect on the authority of Khusaif. 'Abd al-Rahman b. Samurah also prayed in like manner. But the section which he (the Prophet) led in one rak'ah and then uttered the salutation and went and took the place of their companions. They came and prayed one rak'ah by themselves. Then they returned to their place and they prayed (one rak'ah) by themselves.

Abu Dawud said: Muslim b. Ibrahim reported from 'Abd al-Samad b. Habib on the authority of his father that they had fought a battle at Kabul along with 'Abd al-Rahman b. Samurah. He led us in prayer in time of danger.

Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 1245
In-book reference : Book 4, Hadith 48
English translation : Book 4, Hadith 1240
438

Chapter: Those Who Said That The Imam Should Lead Each Group For One Rak'ah And Then They Should Not Complete (The Second Rak'ah)

Narrated Hudhayfah:

Tha'labah ibn Zahdam said: We accompanied Sa'd ibn al-'As at Tabaristan. He stood and said: Which of you prayed along with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) in time of danger? Hudhayfah said: I then he led one section in one rak'ah and the other section in one rak'ah. They did not pray the second rak'ah by themselves.

Abu Dawud: This tradition has been transmitted by 'Ubaid Allah b. 'Abd Allah and Mujahid on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas from the Prophet (ﷺ) in like manner. This has also been narrated by 'Abd Allah b. Shaqiq from Abu Hurairah from the Prophet (ﷺ). Yazid al-Faqir and Abu Musa also narrated this tradition from Jabir from the Prophet (ﷺ). Some of the narrators said in the version narrated by Yazid al-Faqir that they completed their second rak'ah. This has also been narrated by Simak al-Hanafi on the authority of Ibn 'Umar from the Prophet (ﷺ) something similar. Zaid b. Thabit also narrated from the Prophet (ﷺ) in like manner. This version adds: The people prayed on rak'ah and the Prophet (ﷺ) prayed two rak'ahs.

Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 1246
In-book reference : Book 4, Hadith 49
English translation : Book 4, Hadith 1241
Narrated Ibn 'Abbas:
Allah, the Exalted, prescribed prayer for you, through the tongue of your Prophet (ﷺ), four rak'ahs while resident, two rak'ahs while travelling and one rak'ah in time of danger.
Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 1247
In-book reference : Book 4, Hadith 50
English translation : Book 4, Hadith 1242
439

Chapter: Those Who Said That Each Group Should Pray Two Rak'ahs With The Imam

Narrated AbuBakrah:

The Prophet (ﷺ) offered the noon prayer in time of danger. Some of the people formed a row behind him and others arrayed themselves against the enemy. He led them in two rak'ahs and then he uttered the salutation. Then those who were with him went away and took the position of their companions before the enemy. Then they came and prayed behind him. He led them in two rak'ahs and uttered the salutation. Thus the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) offered four rak'ahs and his companions offered two rak'ahs.

Al-Hasan used to give legal verdict on the authority of this tradition.

Abu Dawud said: This will be so in the sunset prayer. The imam will offer six rak'ahs and the people three rak'ahs.

Abu Dawud said: Yahya b. Abi Kathir narrated from Abu Salamah from Jabir from the Prophet (ﷺ) something similar. Sulaiman al-Yashkuri reported it from the Prophet (ﷺ) in like manner.

Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 1248
In-book reference : Book 4, Hadith 51
English translation : Book 4, Hadith 1243
440

Chapter: The Prayer Of One Who Is Seeking (The Enemy)

Narrated 'Abd Allah b. Unais:
The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) sent me to Khalid b. Sufyan al-Hudhail. This was towards 'Uranah and 'Arafat. He (the Prophet) said: Go and kill him. I saw him when the time of the afternoon prayer had come. I said: I am afraid if a fight takes place between me and him (Khalid b. Sufyan), that might delay the prayer. I proceeded walking towards him while I was praying by making a sign. When I reached near him, he said to me: Who are you ? I replied: A man from the Arabs; it came to me that you were gathering (any army) for this man (i.e. Prophet). Hence I came to you in connection with this matter. He said: I am (engaged) in this (work). I then walked along with him for a while ; when it became convenient for me, I dominated him with my sword until he became cold (dead).
Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 1249
In-book reference : Book 4, Hadith 52
English translation : Book 4, Hadith 1244